Why is Sri Lanka losing its elephants?

As Sri Lanka stands at a crossroads, the government faces a dual challenge of preserving its flagship species while safeguarding the livelihoods of its people

When traversing the landscapes of Sri Lanka, one cannot ignore the omnipresence of the elephant. Embedded deeply within the nation’s cultural and religious tapestry, these majestic creatures have served as symbols of power, prosperity and spiritual significance for over two millennia. From intricate art to architectural marvels, the elephant motif pervades every aspect of Sri Lankan life, making it a central figure in the country’s identity.

Cultural and religious significance

Historically, elephants held a revered status, often serving as prized possessions of kings and symbols of royal authority. Employed in warfare and celebrated for their strength and opulence, they symbolise more than mere beasts of burden. In Buddhist beliefs, elephants hold deep religious significance, embodying wisdom and sacredness. Their presence in folklore and religious ceremonies further solidifies their esteemed position in Sri Lankan culture.

Guardians of ecosystems

Beyond their cultural importance, elephants play a crucial ecological role as keystone species. They shape habitats, maintain ecosystem balance and support the survival of numerous other species. However, their survival is increasingly under threat due to human-induced pressures on their habitats.

Facing a looming extinction

Despite their revered status, Sri Lanka’s elephant population is in a state of peril. Over the past century, their numbers have dwindled significantly, with a sharp increase in deaths recorded in recent years. Human-animal conflict, driven by habitat loss and encroachment, stands as the primary reason behind the alarming rise in elephant fatalities.

While efforts to protect elephants are paramount, it is essential to acknowledge the human toll of these conflicts. Farmers, striving to safeguard their livelihoods, resort to lethal methods to deter elephant raids, exacerbating the crisis. Moreover, encounters with elephants pose a significant risk to human lives, with casualties reported annually.

To mitigate the crisis, concerted efforts are needed on multiple fronts. Firstly, expanding protected areas for elephants is crucial to safeguarding their habitats and ensuring their long-term survival. Additionally, promoting sustainable agricultural practices that mitigate human-elephant conflicts can help alleviate pressure on both elephants and farmers.